At the 16th Shanghai International Auto Show, which just came to an end, Toyota exhibited its brand-new hybrid vehicle-Ralink Twin Engine and.Corolla double engine. In the official interpretation, "double engine" will be used as a special term for Toyota’s hybrid vehicles, and the previous terms such as "hybrid" and "Zunrui" will no longer be used.
In fact, neither electric vehicles nor hybrid vehicles are new, long before the popularity of gasoline internal combustion engines.19In the th century, the technology of electric driving cars has been realized. Then, in order to solve the problem of short battery life and too heavy, Ferdinand porsche, the father of Porsche,By using the principle of internal combustion engine driving generator, the first hybrid car was built, and this is just1900Years.
Gasoline and diesel have been the preferred fuels for more than a hundred years since the internal combustion engine dominated. When human society has suffered several energy crises and the increasingly severe environmental protection situation, the prospect of fossil fuels will inevitably become dim, and finding alternative energy sources has become a commonplace topic in recent years.
Classification of new energy vehicles
Oil-electric hybrid (Hybrid Electric Vehicle,HEV)
Oil-electric hybrid power is a new energy technology widely used in the world at present. Using traditional internal combustion engine and motor as power source, it has obvious advantages over traditional gasoline vehicles in exhaust emission and fuel consumption. According to the connection mode of hybrid drive, hybrid electric vehicles are generally divided into three categories:
Series hybrid power
The working principle of series hybrid power is that the engine generates electricity to drive the motor and the motor drives the driving wheel, which is what we often call the extended range. The advantage is that the cruising range is longer, and the disadvantage is that multiple energy conversions cause power waste. The representative model is Chevrolet’s Volanda (Volt)。
Parallel hybrid power
The working principle of parallel hybrid power is that the engine and motor drive the car together, or they can work independently. The advantage is simple structure and low cost, but the disadvantage is that the engine efficiency can not be fully utilized. The representative model is Honda.IMASystem.
Series-parallel hybrid
Series-parallel hybrid power combines the characteristics of series and parallel connection. By adjusting the speed of generator, the power distribution ratio between mechanical transmission channel and power transmission channel can be controlled.. The advantages are high efficiency and ideal energy-saving effect, but the disadvantages are complex structure and high cost. The representative model is Toyota.THSSystem.
Plug-in hybrid (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV)
The difference between plug-in hybrid vehicle and ordinary hybrid vehicle is that it is equipped with a special battery, which can be directly charged by an external power supply, which enables plug-in hybrid vehicle to have a longer cruising range in pure electric mode. The advantage is that it combines the advantages of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, but the disadvantage is that the battery cost is high and charging is troublesome. The representative model is BYD Qin.
Electric vehicle (Electric Vehicle,EV)
Electric vehicles are driven by electric energy.The electric energy from outside is stored in a storage battery, which is used to drive the motor and drive the car, and the electricity generated in any way can be used for it (gasoline, natural gas, nuclear energy and renewable energy, etc.). The advantages are no emission and energy saving, while the disadvantages are high battery cost and troublesome charging. The representative model is Tesla.
Fuel cell (Fuel cell vehicles ,FCV)
Fuel cell vehicles areelectric vehicleA kind of, its core components.fuel battery. Through the chemical action of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than through combustion, it is directly transformed into electric power.The advantage is no emission and high energy efficiency, but the disadvantage is lack of infrastructure. The representative model is Toyota.Mirai.
Interpretation of Toyota dual-engine technology
When it comes to Toyota hybrid, you can’t ignore the famousTHSSystem,THSSystem full nameToyota Hybrid SystemIt is a series-parallel hybrid, which is carried by Toyota’s Prius, Camry Zunrui and other hybrid vehicles.THSSystem.
THSThe main components of the system are gasoline engine, permanent magnet AC synchronous motor, generator, high performance metal hydride battery box and power control unit. Among them, different models are equipped with different gasoline engines, but the same thing is the Atkinson cycle. It’s called Atkinson cycle, but the engine doesn’t have it.The crank-connecting rod structure of Atkinson engine only realizes the Miller cycle whose expansion ratio is greater than the compression ratio by changing the engine timing and delaying the closing of the intake valve. In order to avoid the patent problem of Miller cycle, it is named Atkinson cycle with similar effect, and its greatest feature is economy.
Some people may wonder, Atkinson cycle, high-power motor and other ordinary hybrid systems have it.THSWhat’s so special about it? Actually, forTHSGenerally speaking, its greatest stunt isECVTAnd it is this unique speed change mechanism that makes the engine and motor realize the real series connection.ECVTIt’s not electronsCVT, it even and tapered wheel steel belt.CVTIt doesn’t matter muchECVTIs a conventional planetary gear set, due to the wholeTHSThe power unit of the planetary gear set consists of an internal combustion engine and two motors, so one side of the outer gear ring of the planetary gear set is directly connected with the main reducer, and the other side is connected with the high-power motor. The sun gear of the planetary gear is connected with a low-power motor which is mainly responsible for power generation. The gear frame of the planetary gear is connected with the engine. In this way, the three power units are combined together through this planetary gear set.ECVTThrough the "force" between the two motors and the engine in the opposite direction or in the same direction, the driving condition is matched with the rotation speed of the engine, and finally the effect of stepless speed change is achieved.
Corolla, who appeared this time./Leiling twin engines will carry one1.5LThe hybrid system consisting of Atkinson cycle engine and motor has a maximum power of up to.99psThe official comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is4.9L/100km。
Advantages of Toyota dual-engine technology
First, there is no need to charge. This can be said to be the biggest advantage of hybrid electric vehicles compared with plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. Perhaps many people have heard that oil and electricity are mixed. Where can you get electricity without charging? There are both gasoline engines and motors in Toyota THS hybrid system. When PCU module detects that the energy output by the engine is higher than the actual driving needs, it will use this spilled energy for power generation, which is "open source". When the vehicle brakes or slides, it is "throttling" to recover kinetic energy by dragging the motor, so Toyota THS system does not need to be charged by an external power supply in daily use. For people living in cities, charging piles are undoubtedly a headache.
Second, give consideration to fuel efficiency and power. Through the combination of engine and motor, Toyota THS system makes the vehicle realize the optimal working condition of low speed driven by motor and medium and high speed driven together. At present, the Camry Zunrui is equipped with a 2.5L Atkinson engine and a 2JM motor with code 4AR-FXE. The maximum power of the system reaches 151kw and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 5.3L.
Third, the battery life is long. The strategy of "shallow charging and multi-cycling" can prolong the battery life of Toyota hybrid system, and generally use 10%-40% of the battery capacity when driving on urban roads, thus avoiding the battery from being attenuated due to the use of deep charging and discharging. In addition, the battery can run in a multi-cycle charging and discharging state by recovering kinetic energy through braking for many times, thus ensuring the service life of the battery.
On the other hand, compared with many advantages, the biggest problem of Toyota’s hybrid is also in front of us-cost. This has also led to the slow promotion of Toyota hybrid technology in China, and it is difficult for the Prius, the world’s best-selling model, to make waves in China. Hybrid power has become the "environmental toy of local tyrants" in the eyes of consumers.
Reduce costs through domestic key technologies
In 2011, Toyota introduced Camry Zunrui, which is the second hybrid vehicle after Prius. Compared with the Prius, Camry Zunrui is closer to daily use in terms of power, performance and space. The starting price of 259,800 yuan is 40,000 yuan more expensive than the Camry sports version, and the sales volume is close to 20,000 units in the three years since its launch. This shows that hybrid power is beginning to be accepted by ordinary consumers. However, in the A-class car market, which is a battleground for military strategists, it is still a question whether the price difference of 40,000 yuan can impress consumers. After all, the price difference of 40,000 yuan can decide to buy an A-class car or a B-class car.
jobIt is generally believed that the sales situation of hybrid power is not good. On the one hand, it stems from the lack of government policy support; on the other hand, due to the high production cost of hybrid power products, the market price has remained high. To this end, Toyota2010Set up a research and development center in China in.TMEC,TMECSince its inception, the goal has been clear.It is a research and development center dedicated to the research and development of Toyota hybrid technology.With the inverter, drive axle and battery factory made in China, Toyota has the ability to further reduce the cost of hybrid technology. Lei Ling/Corolla Twin Engine, which is about to be listed in China, has a price of about 150,000 yuan. If this price can be realized, it will undoubtedly attract a lot of attention.
The biggest significance of Lei Ling/Corolla dual engine is the localization of Toyota hybrid technology, which not only means that China will become the main battlefield for enterprises to compete for new energy market, but also will have more opportunities for ordinary consumers to get in touch with hybrid models. Especially, Lei Ling, which focuses on fashionable household style, has attracted the attention of many young consumers once it is listed, and the release of the dual-engine version of Lei Ling will also set off a wave of hybrid power among young users. The biggest suspense now will be the listing price in the second half of the year. Can Leiling Shuangqing detonate the new wave of mixing and fly into the homes of ordinary people?