Lu Yu’s tea, I heard that he didn’t take fame and fortune： tea smells like the past.

　　Grandpa’s tea has a taste called home.

　　Lu Yu’s tea is said to be neither famous nor profitable.

　　Grandpa’s tea tastes good.

　　Lu Yu’s tea is like a splash-ink landscape painting.

　　The sandstorm of the Tang dynasty for thousands of years is still blowing.

　　— — Vincent fang and Jay Chou’s Tea Made by Grandpa (Excerpt)

　　When I was young, I listened to "Grandpa’s Tea" sung in the streets and lanes, so I liked to sip the jasmine tea that Grandpa had just brewed. In the sweet tea fragrance, I guessed the appearance of Lu Yu thousands of years ago and wondered whether the landscape-like Tang tea was as elegant and free as him. Until today, I saw a seemingly unremarkable model of white porcelain tea set in the "Ancient China" exhibition hall of China National Museum, and finally understood Lu Yu’s unique, lofty and carefree elegance.

　　White porcelain tea set and Lu Yu statue

　　Five Dynasties (907-— 960)

　　It was unearthed in Tangxian County, Hebei Province.

　　Collected by China National Museum.

　　At present, this set of tea sets is rich in categories, including an air-stove tea pot for boiling tea, a tea mortar for grinding tea powder, a slag bucket for holding tea residue and a tea bottle for ordering tea, and a white porcelain portrait with a long scroll in hand. If you look at it carefully and listen to it, you will find that every little thing seems to be telling the story of tea.

　　Since Lu Yu was born in the world, the world has learned from each other.

　　— — Song Mei Yaochen

　　This set of tea sets is mostly used for decocting tea in Tang Dynasty. What is interesting is this white porcelain portrait. Who is the portrait and why is it put with the tea set? Scholars began to speculate.

　　It is recorded in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Biography of Hermitage: "When you drink tea, you will be worshipped as a tea god when you are in the shape of Tao Yu." It turned out that because of the far-reaching influence of the Book of Tea written by Lu Yu, since the late Tang Dynasty, tea sellers have regarded Lu Yu as a sacrifice to the tea god and also offered a small statue to put in a tea stall. At that time, whenever tea ware was bought to a certain amount, the store would give away a statue of Lu Yu, which was similar to the means of sales promotion of today’s merchants. This figurine was unearthed together with this tea set model, so it is supposed to be Lu Yu, the tea god with the Tea Classic.

　　▲ Lu Yu porcelain statue.

　　Although the tea culture in China has a long history, according to the literature records, early tea may have been used as a food. As a special beverage, it should be no later than the Western Han Dynasty. By the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, tea had once become a luxury drink, which was a symbol of scholar-officials boasting of simplicity.

　　After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, tea became more popular, from the royal family down to the common people, all loved tea, and tasting and discussing tea became a fashion. However, it was not until Lu Yu wrote Tea Classic that tea culture was systematically combed and written. Lu Yu was fascinated by tea art, carefully studied the experience of predecessors in making tea, and constantly summed up the practice, creating a book "Tea Classics".

　　▲ Lu Yu’s "Tea Classic" book shadow.

　　The Book of Tea is divided into three volumes and ten sections, which systematically summarizes the knowledge of the origin, production, utensils and other aspects of tea at that time, setting a precedent for Chinese tea art. With the rapid popularization of the Book of Tea, Chinese people are paying more and more attention to the taste of tea itself, which is more elegant, more exquisite and more ceremonial. The appearance of Tea Classic promoted the prevalence of tea ceremony in Tang and Song Dynasties, and influenced every aspect of politics, economy, culture and life in Tang Dynasty and later generations, becoming one of the three largest tea books in the world.

　　Gong Le Tu is partially anonymous.

　　The painting reflects the elegant scene of tea and drinking by the court ladies in the Tang Dynasty, and the ladies hold it as porcelain tea set of Yueyao.

　　Yueyao green glazed lotus leaf with tea cup

　　Tang (618— 907)

　　Unearthed in Heyi Road, Ningbo City in 1975

　　Collection of Ningbo Museum

　　As soon as the fragrant spring is combined with milk, it is fried to make the beads boil.

　　— — Don Pi Rixiu

　　The way of drinking tea in Tang Dynasty was different from today. Instead of soaking, it was boiled. When drinking tea, first crush the tea cake into tea powder, boil the water from the pot and always pay attention to the boiling degree of the water. When it boils, it will be "seasoned with salt". When it boils, a bowl of water will be filled out, and the tea powder will be put into the pot for boiling. When it boils again, it will be poured back into the pot to "cultivate its beauty". When the tea soup is cooked, share it with everyone and drink it while it is hot. If you want to cook a good pot of tea, it is necessary to have an air furnace and a tea pot. The first words in The Four Instruments of Tea Classic show their importance.

　　▲ "Xiao Yi Earns Lanting Map" (partial) was passed on to Yan Liben in Tang Dynasty.

　　Tea drinking in the Tang Dynasty is elegant, and the temperature of boiling water is quite particular. "The Five Boils of Tea Classics" said: "It boils like a fish’s eye, with a slight sound as one boiling, and the edge of it is like a spring and beads as two boiling, and the waves are three boiling." There are also many descriptions of boiling water in Tang poems, such as "rabbit hair is light and fragrant, and shrimp eye soup is fine and full of waves" (Lv Yan’s Dayun Temple Tea Poetry); Another example is "a fragrant spring with milk, fried and boiled." When you look at the crab’s eyes splashing, you can see the scales rising at first sight "(Pi Rixiu’s" Tea in Tea "). "Shrimp’s Eye", "Crab’s Eye", "Fishes" and "Spring and Beads" describe the appearance of bubbles rising from small to large in the water before boiling, and the water is already boiling when the waves are surging. The vivid description is not as accurate as the thermometer-type numerical expression today, but it is full of vivid poetry and meaningful aftertaste.

　　Gold-plated lotus petal silver saucer

　　Tang (618— 907)

　　In 1957, Pingkangfang site in Tang Chang ‘an City, Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province was unearthed.

　　Collected by China National Museum.

　　The words "Zuo ce makes the house tea storehouse" are engraved in the saucer foot.

　　When I woke up at noon, I only felt the silence of the earth, and the sound of a cup of tea when the new tea was smashed in the bamboo grove.

　　— — Tang Liu Zongyuan

　　The tea mortar in the tea set is shallow and has no glaze on the inner wall, so it should be used for grinding tea powder. In the Tang Dynasty, tea cakes must be crushed into tea powder before they can be decocted in water. Therefore, grinding tools such as mortar, grinding and grinding are essential. Liu Zongyuan, who loves tea, also wrote "Shan Tong knocks on the tea mortar across the bamboo" in My Occasional Works in Summer and Day.

　　▲ Tang Dynasty Yue Kiln Celadon Teapot.

　　In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the tradition of making tea with tea powder in the Tang Dynasty was continued, and images such as tea mortar were common in poems and murals in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the tea-boiling method rose in Ming and Qing dynasties, tea no longer needed grinding and drinking, and the tea mortar slowly withdrew. However, today, many places still retain the tradition of tea smashing, and we can still see the figure of tea mortar in the tools of tea smashing.

　　▲ Gannan Hakka tea.

　　The more common tea grinding tool is the tea mill. "The Four Instruments of Tea Classics" says that "the grinding trough is best made of orange wood, followed by pear wood, Sang Mu, tung wood and zhe wood." Recently, many ceramic tea mills have been discovered in archaeology. It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, tea ceremony flourished, and tea mills made of ceramics, wood and stone were more convenient to use and spread.

　　In 1987, the discovery of the underground palace of the Tangta in Famen Temple made the royal treasure that had been treasured for more than 1000 years reappear in the world. A complete set of Tang Dynasty court tea set was unearthed in the underground palace, which is the earliest, highest grade and most complete court tea set known today. In the underground palace, the "Monument to the Clothing Account of the Gifted Props and Gifts for the Real Person" was also unearthed, which recorded in detail the names and other information of the offerings, including a set of exquisite grinding tools: the gold-plated flower silver enamel shaft and the gold-plated Hongyan tattooed silver tea trough. The shaft and the tea trough are used in a complete set, and the usage is similar to that of grinding herbs with traditional Chinese medicine today. The shaft is covered with gold-plated flowers and the silver-plated tea trough is covered with gold-plated Hongyan, which is magnificent and represents the highest level at that time.

　　Gold-plated silver ball shaft, gold-plated Hongyan tattoo silver tea trough

　　In 1987, the back room of the Tangta underground palace of Famen Temple in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province was unearthed.

　　Famen Temple Museum

　　The fire in the soup bottle speaks for itself, and the wine lamp is the first to make spring.

　　— — Song Yang Wanli

　　Tea bottles, also known as soup bottles, are used for heating or holding hot water. Tea bottles are generally short-flowing, and may be mixed with holding pots for pouring warm wine at first, and then slowly separated from wine utensils. A porcelain vase unearthed in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province in the third year of Taihe in the Tang Dynasty (AD 829) was similar in shape to a pot-holding one, and the ink book at the bottom was "old"

　　The words "home tea club bottle" show that at the latest in the middle Tang Dynasty, this kind of holding pot has been used as the exclusive tea bottle for tea sets.

　　Tea bottles were generally not needed when frying tea in the Tang Dynasty, and there was no relevant record in Tea Classic, but it was an indispensable part of tea ordering in the late Tang Dynasty. When ordering tea, first boil water in a bottle, put the tea powder in a bowl, then hold the bottle and pour water into the bowl to make tea, and then blow it properly.

　　Lushan kiln snow ash glaze soup bottle

　　Tang (618— 907)

　　Collected by China National Museum.

　　The process of tea-ordering and water injection is somewhat similar to that of hand-brewing coffee today. When water is injected, it is necessary to control both the water flow speed and the water quantity, and the amount and weight of each water injection are particular. It turned out that the flow of holding the pot was short, and the water quantity and speed were difficult to control, so it was difficult to meet the demand. So the flow began to lengthen slowly, and the volume of the tea bottle gradually decreased, making it lighter and easier to order.

　　According to Mr. Sun Ji’s textual research, the white porcelain tea set and Lu Yu statue in the National Museum of China, the tea bottle and the tea pot came out together, "showing that it was in the period of alternating frying tea and ordering tea". A small tea set, not only let us appreciate the elegant demeanour of fried tea in Tang Dynasty, but also get a glimpse of the rise of tea and feel the continuous development and evolution of China tea culture.

　　Poetry is not tired of pounding fragrant teas, and it is appropriate to listen to elegant plays on the spur of the moment.

　　— — Japan’s Emperor Xie ‘e

　　1500 years ago, with the spread of Chinese culture, tea culture gradually went to the world. In the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks Zuichi, Konghai and others sailed across the sea, came to China to study culture, and brought China’s tea drinking methods and tea seeds back to Japan.

　　Emperor Emei (Hong Ren, year 810-824) admired Chinese culture and loved tea. He not only ordered the planting of tea trees, but also left a poem "Never tire of pounding fragrant teas when reciting poems, but should listen to elegant plays on the spur of the moment". Under the vigorous promotion of Emperor Xie, Japanese aristocrats appeared the trend of imitating China people to taste tea, and later generations called it "Hong Ren Tea Style" because of its year number "Hong Ren". During the Silla period in North China, tea culture was imported in an all-round way, and tea was spread and developed from the upper class, monks and scribes to the people, and tea was planted and made. Tea culture has thus developed into a distinctive feature of East Asian culture.

　　"Liu Yu bubble tea, I heard that fame and fortune don’t take, he took a thin horse in the end of the world. The sandstorm of the Tang Dynasty for thousands of years is still blowing. " In fact, it’s not only the sandstorm that has traveled through the Millennium, but also the fragrant tea that China people are attached to. China people love tea, its elegant and mellow quality, the lingering aftertaste and the lingering smell of home. As Mr. Lin Yutang once wrote, "As long as there is a teapot, China people are happy everywhere."

　　About the author:

　　Yang Yue, Ph.D. in history, is an associate researcher at the National Museum of China. He is mainly engaged in exhibition planning and implementation, museum policy research, etc. He has presided over or participated in many key projects of the National Social Science Fund and cultural think tank projects, and has published articles such as Archaeological Observation of the Zodiac Pattern in the Epitaph of Liao Dynasty, Comparative Analysis of the Tombs of Xianbei and Han People in Luoyang Area, and Textual Research on Wuchuan Military and Political Affairs in the Northern Dynasties.

　　Producer | Xiao Jingfang Yang Xinhua

　　Overall planning | Weng Huainan Liang Li

　　Editor | Liang Li Yu Ling

　　Production | Hu Qi

The entertainment circle divides the stars into 20 levels, and Gong Li and Zhang Ziyi rank 18 levels, the highest in China.

　　
　






　　　 On the evening of September 8th, the 5th "BAZAAR Star Charity Night", the China Charity Festival, opened in China World Hotel. Zhang Ziyi, a famous movie star, spent 550,000 yuan that night to win Cartier’s brand-new LOVE series 18K gold diamond watch, which became the "queen of the bid" and won the title of "the most influential charity star in China in 2007". China news agency








　　　 On June 24th, Gong Li appeared at the "Jin Jue" award ceremony of the 10th Shanghai International Film Festival, and her sexy dress attracted a lot of attention. China news agency


　 　In the international entertainment circle, there are 20 stars.


　　　　China News Network on September 21st "The conventional division of’ first-line, second-line and third-line stars’ in China is actually a misunderstanding. The classification of star ratings in the world is very detailed, and there are strict definitions from level 1 stars to level 20 international superstars. Previously, in China, this concept was unknown. " Tian Jinshuang, a well-known domestic entertainment planner and editor-in-chief of Man of the Week, said.

　　　　In the entertainment circle, most stars are very shy about talking about their own level, except for big-name stars. However, the classification of stars is closely related to their own development and potential profits. So, how is the international star rating divided?

　　　　Tian Jinshuang explained, "The classification of international star grades is mainly divided into two scales. One is space, which is the range touched by a star’s popularity. For example, according to the popular space of star works, are you popular in counties, cities, provincial capitals or the whole country? The other is time, that is, the longest time that a star’s popularity lasts. For example, the popularity of a song for three days and two years is completely different, and the horizontal and vertical points formed by the combination of the two constitute the actual level of a star. "

　　　　From this table, we can see that the first-class stars have the lowest popularity and the twentieth-class stars have the highest popularity. In other words, if my work is popular in the local area for one day, I will be a first-class star. If my work is popular in the local area for a week, I will be a level 5 star.

　　　　As can be seen from this chart, generally speaking, the first, second and third-tier stars are above Grade 9, and Grade 9 is a passing line for stars. A star’s work has been popular in the local area for more than one year, and then it is not a star. The popularity of the 10th-level star will last for one year in the region, the 11th-level star will last for one year in China and the 12th-level star will last for one year in the world … The higher the level of the star, it often means that the more popular the star is, the greater the space and development potential of business profits, and the more profit feedback.

　　　　At present, most of the stars we are familiar with are between 11-12 and 15-16, such as Na Ying, Sun Nan, Fan Bingbing and Li Bingbing. At that time, singers who became popular in Guangzhou, such as Mao Ning and Yang Yuying, were regional stars at that time, and later became domestic stars after becoming popular in the whole country; Zhou Xun, for example, is between Grade 16 and Grade 16. If she wants to continue to upgrade, she must learn from Zhang Ziyi and take the international route. Before Zhang Ziyi starred in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon directed by Ang Lee, her domestic level was not high, but because the award of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was recognized by western audiences, she instantly reached the 18th level and became an international superstar.

　　　　Of course, there are very few stars who can become level 20. Because it is quite difficult to reach the eternal level of works, Elvis Presley, Princess Diana, Bruce Lee, Teresa Teng, etc., are all handed down from generation to generation superstars, because their works have influenced several generations, even longer. Moreover, their popularity coverage has reached international standards. The living stars who can be called level 20 are Nicholas? Cage, Jackie Chan, etc.

　　　　Domestic entertainment "one sister" ranking list

　　　　"The dispute between’ one brother’ and’ one sister’ in the entertainment circle has always attracted the attention of the public. Everyone quarrels and quarrels, and they always can’t tell the difference. However, according to the grading standards of international stars, it is obvious that whoever is high and who is low will come to the bottom. " Tian Jinshuang said.

　　　　Tian Jinshuang takes popular stars Zhang Ziyi, Zhao Wei, Fan Bingbing, Li Bingbing, Zhou Xun and Ruby Lin as examples. He said that Zhang Ziyi was obviously the fastest in popularity and brand promotion. So her popularity is around 18, that is, she is an international star who walks in the first echelon. Although her acting route is impetuous and her acting skills are far inferior to Zhou Xun’s, the movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has won the recognition of international entertainers.

　　　　Comparatively speaking, Zhou Xun, Zhao Wei and Li Bingbing are in the second echelon. Zhou Xun’s level is around 17, and it is approaching 18. Zhou Xun’s acting strength is well known. Orange is Red, April Day on Earth and Ci of Daming Palace are all well-known works. In recent years, she began to take the international route. For example, There is a Hollywood in Hong Kong directed by Chen Guo, The Little Tailor in 2001 and If Love in 2005 were all exhibited or screened internationally. Compared with other actresses, Zhou Xun is obviously the most entertaining.

　　　　On the same ladder as Zhou Xun, Zhao Wei is slightly inferior. Zhao Wei’s public relations awareness of entertainment crisis has been strengthened since he experienced the incident of military flag and dung throwing. The image of Little Swallow, which was originally defined as "female the Monkey King", was transformed rapidly through Green Tea and Clouds in Beijing, making it a sexy, emotional and intellectual actress.

　　　　Next is Li Bingbing. In terms of publicity strategy, her popularity is far less powerful than that of Fan Bingbing, but because she reasonably seized the opportunity of entertainment promotion. Last year, in the news event that Huayi Brothers "competed for a sister", she was the one who benefited the most. Because the final outcome was that Fan Bingbing left Huayi in a high profile, while Li Bingbing insisted on staying at Huayi Brothers in the face of contract renewal, the star’s loyalty to the company is also an important manifestation of brand influence. Therefore, after Li Bingbing left Fan Bingbing, the level of performing arts rose rapidly.

　　　　The third echelon is Fan Bingbing and Ruby Lin. Many people may think that Fan Bingbing and Ruby Lin are not on the same level, but in fact, Fan Bingbing, which is famous for its "negative gossip girlfriend" in the industry, is really well-known. Her negative news has appeared frequently, and the public’s attention has gone up, but the brand power is declining, and the overall performance strength will also decline. So in the overall level, she is under Zhou Xun, Zhao Wei and Li Bingbing.

　　　　Ruby Lin’s acting route is tepid, which is related to her star packaging and entertainment marketing, as well as her personal character. She has neither Chris Lee’s "Renlaikuang" nor Nana’s "Renlaikuang" personality, so Ruby Lin will never have negative news, so she takes a steady and tepid approach. Obviously, among the female stars who debut with her, she is the slowest.

　　　　The higher the star’s own level, the higher the commercial profit.

　　　　Is it really that important to grade stars? Behind the grading, what on earth is pushing the stars to add points for themselves at all times?

　　　　The quotation of a star is directly related to his popularity and ranking. The higher the level of a star, the more the public knows about me, and the higher the commercial profits he can convert into. The celebrity’s popularity and rank can increase the value of ordinary goods by several times. For example, a shampoo is only worth 10 yuan, but it can be sold to 60 yuan after celebrity endorsement. Among them, 50 yuan is the popularity of the stars we buy.

　　　　Of course, there are winners and losers. Shu Qi, the star, was the worst loser, because she was the heroine of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, but she was making other plays at that time, so she turned this role down, but she lost a lot this time, and this opportunity she missed invisibly made Zhang Ziyi, otherwise she would be today’s international superstar.

　　　　In order to improve their popularity, some stars use various means. Some are gossip hype, some are renaming, some are involved in legal disputes, and some even resort to unscrupulous means. Zhou Yanhong, a star, has changed her name many times in order to get rid of the situation that "people’s songs are not popular", but changing her name did not make the public remember her songs, but only remembered her as a person, because changing her name would also disperse her fan base; Some stars are Populus euphratica, who sings "Poisonous Perfume". Everyone knows this song, but no one knows who Populus euphratica is, and Wang Qiwen, who sings "Mice Love Rice". He was the first person to sing this song on the Internet, but it was the songwriter Yang Chengang who became famous.

　　　　Tell you the level of 30 popular entertainment stars

　　　　The reporter randomly listed 30 stars. Tian Jinshuang, an entertainment planner, was asked to make a general ranking analysis according to the "international star rating standard", and the results are as follows. (Note: Only the current works and popularity of stars are divided, so it is not a long-term ranking result. )

　　The first echelon is 18-20

　　　　-Features: International superstar, whose works are familiar to international audiences.

　　　　-Representatives: Jackie Chan, Chow Yun Fat, Jet Li, Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Andy Lau, Zhang Yimou, Chen Kaige, Jiang Wen, Maggie Cheung, Gong Li, Zhang Ziyi and Li Yuchun.

　　　　-Special case analysis: Chris Lee’s appearance in this echelon seems to be "overrated", but she is a big special case. Chris Lee was only a grassroots star before, but one thing made her rise to the top quickly, because she was once on the cover of Time magazine in the United States, which made her suddenly become an international star from a grassroots star.

　　The second echelon is 16-18

　　　　-Features: domestic stars, whose works are generally recognized by the national audience.

　　　　-Representatives: Stephen Chow, Jay Chou, Jia Zhangke, Huang Xiaoming, Li Yapeng, Fang Zuming, David, Xia Yu, Zhao Wei, Zhou Xun, Shu Qi, Fan Bingbing, Li Bingbing and Lin Xinru.

　　　　-Special case analysis: Why is Jay Chou regarded as a domestic star, not an international superstar? Because his songs and fans are mostly radiated in Asia, but his works are still very influential, so he is at the 18th level of the second echelon.

　　　　The third echelon is 10-15

　　　　-Features: ordinary stars, whose works are familiar to important areas in China.

　　　　-Representatives: Ma Jingtao, Lu Yi, Xu Jinglei and Sun Li.

　　　　-Special case analysis: As a director and a successful entertainment businessman, it is obviously unreasonable for Xu Jinglei to appear in this echelon. But it is reasonable to appear as an actor.

　　　　Xu Jinglei is positioned as a talented woman and director. From the perspective of the industry, her overall business index is too high, and the comprehensive index of performing arts is low. From the perspective of entertainment stars, she is at around level 15.

　　　　Note: The rating of 30 stars involved in this article is only Tian Jinshuang’s personal estimation, which has not been confirmed by authority, but the rating method of stars provided by Tian Jinshuang (whether it is scientific or not needs to be evaluated) has been verified to be true. (Lv Yuan)

Editor: Li Dan

＂Changsha Nightlife＂ exposed the family and predicted that LAY and his parents would reconcile.


1905 movie network news The film produced by, producer, screenwriter and director, starring,,,,,,, starring, specially starring,,, and friendship released a family notice. After the premiere on April 23rd, the family story of Zhang Jingyi, Sophie Su, Luo Gang and LAY in the film aroused many audiences’ empathy. The father wants his son to find a stable job, and the mother wants his son to inherit the food stall business. The desire for care and love conflicts with He An’s talk show dream played by LAY. However, even if there are conflicts, the Changsha family can always reconcile because of their love for each other, which is the meaning of family ties. LAY poked fun at his relationship with his father with a talk show in Changsha dialect, which added a sense of story to the father and son. The director showed a night of affection, friendship and love in Changsha with a big family, which made many viewers very moved.


LAY talk show dream is not understood by parents.

Zhang Jingyi confided her love for her family to YIN FANG.


After the premiere, many viewers felt deeply about the emotional story between He An and his father (Luo Gang) in the film. The typical Chinese-style father-son relationship triggered many viewers to tell stories about themselves and their parents. In the latest exposure of the family notice, LAY plays He An who pursues the talk show dream without being understood by his parents, so a family conflict broke out. He An was dissatisfied with his father because of his parents’ divorce. It was impressive to tease his father’s lines with Changsha dialect talk show: "Since childhood, my father likes to compare me with other people’s children, and I really hope that I can become someone else’s child, so he became the father of other people’s children." He An poked fun at his growing experience in the most joking tone, which made his father’s eyes flooded with tears when he first watched him on a talk show. The phrase "you are not someone else’s child, you are my baby" tells the deepest bond between father and son. In the face of family ties where blood is thicker than water, even the deepest misunderstanding will be melted by love.


For her mother, He An knew that for him, her mother tied herself to crayfish for most of her life. When He An decided to give up the talk show, it was also her mother who firmly supported her children to pursue their dreams and said, "Just do what you want to do." It is touching that a family of three embraced each other in Changsha at night.


"How long have you not had a good chat with dad? How long has it been since you ate the powder cooked by your mother? " In addition to the reconciliation between He An and his parents, people living in this city also have different fetters to their families. He Xixi (Zhang Jingyi), who wants to leave Changsha, tells the reason for leaving "I left them because I want to love them". No matter how far away from my family, my feelings for each other will not become far away. Chen Qingzhi (Bai Yufan) and Liang Baoqi (Zhou Siyu), who came to Changsha to work, felt on the Ferris wheel that "it would be great if we had a light in this city" and "I want to bring my parents to have a look", and strangers could not get over their homesickness. And "home" is also an important motif of director Zhang Ji’s creation of Changsha Nightlife.


Changsha’s happiness comes from the light radiated by every family.

Late-night food stalls contain every struggling soul.


After the premiere, the audience responded enthusiastically to the emotional concentration of the film. Many viewers said that the original impression of Changsha was more "hot", but after watching the film, they knew that this is a city full of tolerance and love. Food stalls give people the impression that they are no longer places to fill their stomachs, but also houses the tired bodies of dream catchers. Food can not only fill their stomachs, but also fill their empty souls. Whether you are a stranger working in Changsha or a dreamer about to embark on a journey, a small food stall encourages every traveler who wants to leave.


The family line in the film has even poked the hearts of many young viewers. Some viewers shared their stories about learning music that their parents didn’t understand, and some viewers said that the father-son line of this film was particularly real and they wanted to take their parents to feel it again.The city of Changsha has witnessed too many stories about family ties. No matter whether it is a migrant worker from a foreign land or a dream catcher who is not understood by his family, he can eat a bowl of authentic Changsha rice noodles at a food stall in the middle of the night and sit with his parents and have a good chat. Those regrets buried in his heart will be filled with love. During the May Day holiday, I took my parents into the cinema together, and let the movie "Changsha Nightlife" replace those unspeakable feelings and love.


The movie "Changsha Nightlife" will be released nationwide on April 28th.


＂Changsha Nightlife＂ exposes a new special edition, LAY and YIN FANG share the impression of the city.


1905 movie network news On May 4th, the film "Impression of Changsha" was released by, producer, screenwriter and director, starring,,,, and Luo Gang, especially starring,, and friendship.

Around the questions of "feelings of coming to Hunan at the beginning" and "favorite Changsha cuisine", a group of starring actors and tourists passers-by have given their own answers. Different answers not only show the richness of Changsha, but also outline the infinite charm that belongs to Changsha. Since the film was released, it has won numerous praises with its real street fireworks and warm healing stories.

　

The stars share their impressions of Changsha, and LAY has a soft spot for Suofen.

Different people have their own impressions and memories of Changsha, a city that combines rich heritage and fashion trends. In the latest special, the leading actors shared their "Changsha Impression". To describe Changsha in one word, Sophie Su chose "chili pepper", Bai Yufan chose "chivalry", Zhang Jingyi chose "youth", and YIN FANG summed up his feelings about Changsha with "unstoppable fireworks". When asked about "feelings of coming to Hunan at the beginning", everyone’s answer is even more interesting. Wu Haochen smiled at the crowds in Changsha at night and asked, "Don’t people in Changsha go to work?" Zhou Siyu, on the other hand, revealed the differences of habits in this vast land and Changsha’s unique nightlife culture by comparing his hometown northeast.

Impression of Changsha, in addition to the "city that never sleeps", all kinds of food are also essential elements. When asked about "favorite Changsha cuisine", the answers are equally varied. Many interviewees, including starring Zhou Siyu, nominated stinky tofu, while LAY, who plays a special role, has a special feeling for wordy powder. LAY said, Suofen is a dietary habit that accompanied him from childhood, and it has become a touch of homesickness that can’t be given up when he melts into the body. At the end of the film, the picture of people gathering in the food stalls not only makes the story go to a warm ending, but also cures the tired body and mind of many viewers.

　

Word-of-mouth leads the way, and the audience continues to praise "hot soup to soothe the soul"

Since the film "Nightlife in Changsha" was released, it has not only won the love and support of Changsha locals, but also won the recognition of the national audience with its real fireworks, exquisite healing stories and emotional expressions, and vivid presentation of Changsha. As the film with the most unique temperament in May 1st, Changsha Nightlife scored 9.3 points on Cat’s Eye and Taobao Film ticketing platforms, and scored 7.6 points on Douban platform, ranking firmly as the word-of-mouth champion of May 1st new films. The works created by the sincere heart have won deep resonance with the audience and achieved a moving two-way trip.

After watching the movie, many viewers left messages on social platforms to share their feelings. A local audience in Changsha wrote: "You are no longer Changsha, which belongs only to Changsha people in your childhood impression. You are very happy, and you are integrated into the world." While giving high recognition to the film, the love for your hometown between the lines is also moving. Some viewers felt: "Just a few strokes like prose, reflecting the city of China." "What does Changsha look like? It’s what it looks like in the movie, but it’s not all. Maybe everyone has a night in their hearts. " This also reflects the idea of the main creation. With a movie and a night, it reflects the real human life in every city and every night in China. Nightlife in Changsha is not only a love letter to Changsha, but also a bowl of hot soup that records real life and soothes the souls of ordinary people.


In 2024, the New Year’s Day box office broke 1 billion： after 146 days, the single-day box office broke 500 million.

According to Lighthouse Professional Edition, as of 12: 00 on December 31st, the total box office (including pre-sales) of new films on New Year’s Day in 2024 exceeded 1 billion, and the annual meeting of "Twinkle, twinkle, twinkle, bright stars" can’t stop! "Stealth" is temporarily listed in the top three at the box office.
In addition, as of 14: 53 on December 31, the total box office of the New Year’s Eve in 2023 (December 31) exceeded 500 million. Since August 6 of the summer holiday, the national single-day box office has once again exceeded 500 million after 146 days!
Among them, the film "Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Bright Stars" relied on the "snow field" in funa in the cinema. Since the pre-sale, the box office has been riding the dust, # 中中中中中 # # Zhang Wansen, it’s snowing! # and other topics have been on the hot search one after another, which has attracted a lot of attention.
The comedy film "The Annual Meeting Can’t Stop" released on December 29th! In two days, the box office exceeded 100 million yuan and gained a good reputation.
Source: @ Lighthouse Professional Edition
Reporting/feedback

Tian Zhuangzhuang’s mother Yu Lan： Making a movie is ＂her blessing＂

Beijing, July 4 (Reporter Song Yusheng) At 21: 07 pm on June 27, Yu Lan, a famous film performance artist who played the classic role "Jiang Jie" in the movie "Eternal Life in Fire", died in Beijing at the age of 99.
On July 1, the reporter saw in Beijing Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital that the small farewell hall was filled with wreaths and elegiac couplets, and Yu Lan’s body was lying quietly in the middle of the farewell hall.
On that day, Ye Xiangzhen, the daughter of Marshal Ye Jianying, and Li Xuejian, Yu Lan’s nephew and famous performance artist, went to pay their respects. Beijing Film Academy and china children film association also sent wreaths. Yu Lan’s family and friends accepted an interview with Zhongxin. com.
On July 1st, in the farewell hall of Beijing Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital, people from all walks of life came to pay tribute to Ms. Yu Lan, a famous China film performance artist. Zhongxin.com reporter Li Junshe
"Movies are her blessing."
Yu Lan, formerly known as Yu Peiwen, is one of the "22 movie stars" in New China. She won the Best Actress Award at the Moscow International Film Festival and the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 27th Chinese Film Golden Rooster Award. Starring works include Cuigang Red Flag, Longxugou, Lin Jiapu, Revolutionary Family, Eternal Life in Fire and so on. Among them, her role of "Jiang Jie" in "Eternal Life in Fire" is most well known to the audience.
The picture shows Ms. Ye Xiangzhen (second from right), the daughter of Marshal Ye Jianying and former director of China News Service (who directed Yuan Ye, etc.), who went to the China-Japan Friendship Hospital on July 1 to mourn Yu Lan. China News Service reporter Han Kai photo
In public memory, the name Yu Lan is inseparable from the new China movies.
According to Tian Zhuangzhuang, the son of Blue and a famous director, it is "her blessing" for her mother to enter the film industry. "Without the spread of movies, she could not be recognized and recognized by so many people. Of course, this is also related to her efforts and creativity."
The picture shows actor Li Xuejian mourning in the mourning hall. Zhongxin.com reporter Li Junshe
In 1938, 17-year-old Yu Lan left Beiping for Yan ‘an, and then studied at Yan ‘an Anti-Japanese Military and Political University. After school, she often participates in various amateur drama performances. In the spring of 1940, Yu Lan entered Lu Xun Art College and became an actor. Since then, she has embarked on the road of art.. After the founding of New China, Yu Lan began to contact movies, and her identity changed from a stage actor to a film actor.
In the autumn of 1949, Yu Lan first appeared on the screen, starring in the film The Warrior in White. Since then, she has appeared in films such as Cuigang Red Flag, Longxugou, Lin Jiapu and Revolutionary Family, and became a "star" on the film stage of New China.
Yu Lan plays "Jiang Jie" in Eternal Life in Fire. Screenshot of movie
Yu Lan’s most well-known role is Jiang Jie in Eternal Life in Fire. This film, which was released in 1965, later became the memory of several generations.
Tian Zhuangzhuang told reporters that there are many excellent people in the film industry, but there are not so many people who can pay for the film for a long time and really love it. "I think my mother is one of them. She really loves this career and movies, and she will spare no effort to support anything she can do about movies."
Hou Keming still remembers that the last time Yu Lan left Beijing for a trip was in November 2017 to attend the China International Children’s Film Festival. "At that time, she was 96 years old. As soon as she knew that a film festival would be held, she would go. In fact, she had not been out of Beijing for several years. But this film festival is her own child, and she said she must go. "
In 2018, 97-year-old Yu Lan starred in "Those Women" filmed to commemorate the 73rd anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Although there are not many scenes, she is extremely happy. She said, "It’s great to be able to act! I really want to play it again. " In the same year, Yu Lan also starred in China Film Co., Ltd.’ s public welfare film Everything is Like You.
When Tian Zhuangzhuang recalled the film made by Lan in her later years, she said frankly, "She felt great in acting. Even at this age, she is still an actress, and she will have a good way to deal with the role." (End)
Reporting/feedback

A hundred years after the end of World War I： the grief of the war has not disappeared, and the international community urges to learn from history.

　　Zhongxin. com, November 11 (Zhang Aijing) November 11 is the centenary of the end of the First World War. One hundred years ago today, representatives of the German government and the Allies signed an armistice agreement in Compiè ne, France, thus ending the First World War.

　　This unprecedented war has brought profound disasters to mankind and profoundly affected the historical development of Europe and even the world. On the centenary of the end of World War I, looking back at history and commemorating the "armistice" is not only to mourn Qian Qian’s life lost in the war, but also to impress the present and future generations that war is cruel and peace is priceless.

　　On August 25, 2018, hundreds of volunteers from 18 countries gathered in Verdun, France, put on the uniforms of soldiers in World War I and re-enacted the scene of the Battle of Verdun as one of a series of activities to commemorate the centenary of the end of World War I.

　　A brief history of the First World War

　　At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 1920s, western imperialist countries launched fierce struggles around the struggle for world hegemony and colonies, and the contradictions among European powers were complicated.

　　Before World War I, major European countries formed two potentially hostile alliances, Germany and Austria-Hungary on one side, France, Britain and Russia on the other. On June 28th, 1914, Archduke Ferdinand of Austro-Hungarian Empire was assassinated in Sarajevo, which triggered a series of reactions and eventually ignited a full-scale war between the two alliances — — The first world war.

　　After the war, the allies (Germany, Austria-Hungary, etc.) and the allies (France, Britain, Russia, etc.) fought on the European battlefield. But soon, the war went beyond the scope of Europe and involved the whole world in the whirlpool of war.

　　World War I lasted more than four years, and finally ended in the defeat of the Allies. During the war, wars spread all over Europe, Asia and Africa, more than 30 countries and regions with a population of about 1.5 billion were involved in the war, 65 million people participated in the war, and the number of casualties exceeded 30 million, resulting in economic losses of about 170 billion US dollars.

　　On November 2, 2018, in Maize, Belgium, the local botanical garden used thousands of poppies made of red bottle caps to pose as pigeons.

　　Change the historical trajectory of the world

　　World War I brought great disasters to mankind and had a profound impact on world history.

　　After the war, the balance of power among imperialist countries changed. Germany was defeated and ceded land for compensation; The Austro-Hungarian Empire completely collapsed; Although Britain and France won, they were weakened and weakened in the war. The United States made huge profits in the war and became an economic power.

　　On the other hand, through the Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference, the imperialist powers established the "Versailles-Washington System" and established the ruling order in Europe, West Asia, Africa, East Asia and the Pacific.

　　However, this new system used to carve up the world did not eliminate the fundamental contradiction between imperialist countries, but was broken with the rise of fascism in Germany, Italy and Japan. Only 20 years after the end of World War I, World War II broke out.

　　On November 6, 2018, in London, England, thousands of torches were lit around the Tower of London to welcome the centenary of the armistice in the First World War and to commemorate the fallen soldiers.

　　Many countries commemorate the centenary of armistice.

　　From 1918 to 2018, it has been a hundred years since the end of World War I. A century of history has given this year’s Armistice Day more commemorative significance.

　　Recently, with the approach of November 11th, many countries have held different forms of commemorative activities. In Maize, Belgium, the local botanical garden made "poppies" with thousands of red bottle caps and used them to pose as doves of peace. In London, England, thousands of torches were lit around the famous Tower of London to commemorate the fallen soldiers.

　　In France, French President Macron and British Prime Minister Theresa May visited Albert, a town in northern France, on the 9th to mourn the officers and men killed in the Battle of the Somme in World War I.. On the 10th, Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited the Compiè ne Forest, north of Paris, and visited the train carriages that signed the armistice agreement a hundred years ago.

　　The official week-long commemoration in France will reach its climax on the 11th. Leaders of about 70 countries, including the United States, Russia, Germany and Britain, will gather in Paris to attend the centenary of the end of World War I and the peace forum.

　　Reflection on war and peace are priceless.

　　World War I has become history, but the discussion on World War I has not ended. On the centenary of the end of World War I, the French ambassador to Japan and the German ambassador to Japan also published articles together, reflecting on the history of the war and reviewing the post-war reconciliation process between France and Germany.

　　According to the article, the First World War spread to most parts of the world, and many continents ignited wars. For Europeans who lost their loved ones, this war is a terrible tragedy. The long war devoured the population and economic strength of Europe. However, the end of World War I did not bring about permanent peace. Twenty years later, a more tragic war broke out again, which claimed more lives.

　　"France and Germany understand the suffering and cost of war. In order not to repeat past mistakes, the two countries are committed to developing close and friendly relations." Ambassador France and Germany said in the article.

　　Remembering the painful lessons of history is for mankind to enjoy a peaceful and beautiful future. In today’s world, there are still countless people suffering from war. The international community should draw profound lessons from history, cherish and safeguard the hard-won peace situation, persist in resolving international disputes through dialogue and consultation, strengthen and improve global governance, and safeguard lasting world peace.

　　A hundred years after the end of World War I, people put poppies on their chests to mourn the soldiers killed in World War I and remember those who died in the war. And this "little red flower" that has passed through a hundred years is constantly reminding people that war is cruel and peace is priceless!

What is the United States fighting for with a history of 240 years and more than 200 wars？

　　From Vietnam to North Korea

　　From Afghanistan to Syria

　　The United States often hits

　　"Humanitarian intervention"

　　"Combating terrorism"

　　Wait for the banner to use force against foreign countries

　　For more than two centuries

　　War and force

　　The DNA that has been integrated into this country

　　Historically speaking,

　　The United States is the most combative country in the world.

　　Since the declaration of independence in 1776, in the history of more than 240 years, the United States has launched and participated in more than 200 wars, and has not participated in wars for less than 20 years.

　　For hundreds of years, in order to plunder land and resources, the United States has violently expelled and killed aborigines. From the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the population of Native Americans dropped sharply from 5 million to 250,000. The history of American development is the history of aboriginal blood and tears.

　　More than 170 years ago, the United States forced Mexico to sign an unequal treaty through the US-Mexico War and other means, and plundered large areas of territory that originally belonged to Mexico, including Texas, California and Arizona.

　　After the end of World War II, the United States intervened in or launched many wars overseas, which claimed a lot of lives, especially caused extremely serious civilian casualties and brought eye-catching humanitarian disasters. According to incomplete statistics, from the end of World War II in 1945 to 2001, there were 248 armed conflicts in 153 regions of the world, of which 201 were initiated by the United States, accounting for about 81%. From the Korean War to the Vietnam War, millions of civilians were killed in the war. However, the United States used "Agent Orange" on a large scale in the Vietnam War, and used depleted uranium bombs on a large scale in the Gulf War and the bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, causing local people to suffer from cancer or other diseases.

　　After 2001, under the banner of "anti-terrorism", the United States continued to fight militarily and launched wars and military operations in 85 countries around the world. The war claimed more than 900,000 lives, including 387,000 civilians. Tens of millions of refugees have been displaced in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria and other places most devastated by war.

　　The reasons why the United States launched these wars are high-sounding, often under the banner of so-called humanitarian intervention and combating terrorism. But in fact, what are the reasons behind the frequent use of force by the United States?

　　Plunder oil under the guise of human rights and democracy

　　US Vice President Harris:You know, in the past many years, generations have been fighting for oil.

　　Harris let slip that the so-called human rights and democracy are just a cover for waging war, and the real purpose is to rob oil and control other countries by controlling global oil resources. Syria, Iraq, Libya and other countries are victims of American oil ambitions.

　　American historian Peter Kuznik:As former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said, unfortunately, Americans are unwilling to admit that we invaded Iraq for oil.

　　Israeli political analyst Ariel Ben Solomon:The fact is that Libya has relatively large oil reserves, which is an important reason for western military intervention.

　　Venezuelan President Maduro:Our country has the richest oil reserves in the world, and American imperialist rulers are looking at it and trying to get their hands on our oil, just as they did in Iraq and Libya.

　　Syrian President Bashar al-Assad:The United States harms the interests of other people, undermines international law, destroys the foundation of humanity, and so on, all for the sake of oil.

　　The military-industrial complex issued a "war windfall"

　　American military enterprises are closely related to the US government and Congress, forming a powerful military industry interest group. According to the survey report released by the Institute of Security Policy Reform, an independent think tank in the United States, from October 2001 to August 2021,Lockheed — Martin, Raytheon, General Dynamics, Boeing and northrop — Grumman Corp.The five American military giants received a total of $2.02 trillion from Congress. These arms dealers have also spent huge sums of money lobbying Washington politicians. As a result, not only have the US military spending been rising year after year, but they have also taken advantage of the intensification of various foreign policies and regional situations to promote arms around the world.

　　Andrew Hunter, Director of the Defense Industry Initiative Group of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in the United States:For most defense industries, their biggest source of business is the Pentagon, so their fate follows the defense budget.

　　Control other countries and safeguard global hegemony

　　These interests, such as oil and arms, are only superficial reasons. What the United States has shown behind its years of belligerence is actually a hegemonic mentality of "giving priority to the United States and taking all the strong" and a unilateral thinking of "being the only one who cares about the world". Kurt Ritter, a former US Marine Corps intelligence officer, published an article on the website of Russian TV today on the 11th, saying, "The United States is trying to reshape the world according to its own ideas. The United States feels that it is the most important country, and other countries should act in the direction guided by the United States, otherwise it will be the enemy of the United States. "

　　International political expert Giger:Since 1945, the foreign policy of the United States has always been to maintain hegemony at all costs in areas they consider strategic.

　　Iranian political analyst Huszcza Shm:This is the embodiment of (American) hegemony. The United States doesn’t care about other countries at all, and it doesn’t care about the United Nations. It thinks it is superior to other countries, so it dares to bully, invade and plunder the people of other countries. The attitude and behavior of the United States in the past 20 years can explain the fact that the United States simply doesn’t care about the values it preaches, such as democracy, the rule of law, and counter-terrorism. The United States only uses these as tools.

Taian Municipal Hospital held an academic exchange meeting on humanistic nursing theory construction and clinical application practice.

Correspondent Sun Luteng Yuanpeng Li
Snow flies in cold winter, and humanity warms the heart. On December 16th, 2023, Shandong Continuing Medical Education Project —— Academic Exchange Conference on Humanistic Nursing Theory Construction and Clinical Application Practice, hosted by Tai ‘an Municipal Hospital, was successfully concluded. Well-known experts and scholars from all over the country gathered together to express their opinions and share their feelings with the theme of "care, protection, inheritance and innovation", which opened a wonderful academic feast.
At the opening ceremony, Professor Li Huiling, executive director of China Life Care Association, chairman of the humanistic nursing professional committee of China Life Care Association and dean of the School of Nursing of Suzhou University, said in his speech that this meeting, relying on the humanistic nursing professional committee of China Life Care Association, advocates the continuous improvement of nursing humanistic quality and life care ability, which is a great support and practice for the construction of humanistic nursing discipline. She profoundly explained the meaning of "care, protection, inheritance and innovation": care advocates the visualization of care, emphasizing that care can land, be seen and felt; Guarding is the core force to protect life. Guarding needs technology, but also needs temperature and feelings. Inheritance is the inheritance of good humanistic care experience, but also the innovation based on inheritance; Innovation is to apply innovative ideas to clinical practice through learning. She hopes that this exchange will spread the theories related to humanistic nursing, especially the concept that humanistic nursing runs through the whole life cycle, to the north and south of the motherland through the lectures of experts and exchanges with fellow practitioners, and apply the learning content to clinical practice.
At the academic exchange meeting, Professor Liu Yilan, executive director of China Life Care Association, honorary chairman of humanistic nursing professional committee of China Life Care Association, director of nursing department of Union Medical College Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and vice president of nursing school of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, executive director of China Life Care Association, chairman of humanistic nursing professional committee of China Life Care Association, and Professor Li Huiling, dean of nursing school of Suzhou University Medical College, Professor Yang Lijuan, Chairman of Critical Care Professional Committee of Shandong Nursing Association, Executive Deputy Director of Shandong Nursing Quality Control Center, Director of Nursing Department of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Director of China Life Care Association, Deputy Chairman of Humanistic Nursing Professional Committee of China Life Care Association, and Professor Dai Dongmei, Dean of Tai ‘an Municipal Hospital, Member of the expert database of the Hospital Infection Management Committee of Chinese Nursing Association, deputy director of the case management professional committee of Shandong Nursing Association, director of Tai ‘an Nursing Quality Control Center, director of the nursing department of Tai ‘an Central Hospital, Dr. Mao Qiuyun, Ph.D. in Nursing from Naval Medical University, Ph.D. in Joint Training from University of Toronto, Canada, postdoctoral fellow from the School of Nursing of Fudan University, and Associate Professor Wang Jingting from the Department of Nursing of Naval Medical University, conducted discussions and exchanges around the theme of "care, protection, inheritance and innovation", which provided a close academic frontier for the majority of nursing workers.
As the person in charge of this continuing medical education project and the chairman of the academic exchange meeting, Dean Dai Dongmei said at the closing ceremony that this academic exchange meeting aims to further enrich the connotation of humanistic nursing service in clinical nursing, thus promoting the innovation of clinical nursing practice mode and the expansion of service function, and empowering efficiency, creating opportunities and paving the way for practicing the humanistic nursing thought of "starting from specialty, based on humanity and finally satisfying". She hoped that all the colleagues attending the meeting would take this academic exchange meeting as an opportunity, and strive to put the medical humanistic spirit into the whole process of discipline construction and hospital development, and work hard to spread life culture, care for life process, improve life quality and prolong life expectation through a close and stable platform for cooperation and exchange, so as to help build a "healthy China".
Reporting/feedback

Mai gentile： We should distinguish what is of real value to our life and prosperity.

Ethics in the Conflict of Modernity is a book published by the famous ethicist Mai gentile in the late nineties, which is an authoritative exposition of his philosophical thoughts. In this book, Mai gentile thinks that although the modern welfare state has made up for the disadvantages of capitalism to some extent and improved the living standards of most people, it has not fundamentally eliminated the greater disadvantages of capitalism, which often makes people tired and go astray in satisfying their desires, making it difficult to fully balance their interests and maintain a real cooperative life. Mai gentile hopes that people can think and study these problems, understand their social life, know how to negotiate and make correct moral choices, and become practical rationalists.

In this night when countless people revel in consumption, we hope that more people can understand the call of Mai gentile, examine their own desires and pursue a truly happy life.

▲

Mai gentile

Mai gentile: Modernity Suitable for Modern Moral Existence

What is the subject’s desire? How are these desires felt and expressed? How are they related to the subject’s practical reasoning? These problems have changed within the social and cultural order and between different social and cultural orders. Biological needs can be constant, but the objects to satisfy desires will be very different. In Edo in the 19th century, people ate sashimi to satisfy their appetite. In Bologna in the 19th century, people’s appetite was satisfied with salsa sauce. Today, Londoners, who have gained the advantages of many families, also appreciate these two delicacies. But no matter in the past or now, the way people learn to eat at the beginning of their growth will change greatly later. Other needs and demands will also undergo the same transformation. In different social and cultural order, people’s ways to meet their needs and demands run through all kinds of life, with different family and professional roles and corresponding goals, aspirations and hopes. As we mentioned earlier, our desires are always closely linked with our emotions, habits and beliefs, which show different forms in different lifestyles. If we want to understand what is the legitimate reason of desire, we must explore the various functions of desire in those lifestyles, which have the characteristics of the social order and cultural order in which we live, and this is the social order and cultural order of modernity. In this quest, we can mainly consider some obvious problems. Opportunities and hopes, security and poverty, regrets and lamentations, aspirations and other issues all show unique modern forms.These problems come from the continuous transformation of work and are the result of the development of economic modernity since the 18th century.

We start with the question of opportunity and hope. The social and cultural order of modernity, no matter what its form, is the result of long-term economic growth and technological innovation. This long-term nature seems to be indefinite, while the growth is sometimes slow, sometimes fast, sometimes continuous, sometimes disrupted, sometimes deliberately shaped, but in more cases it is unplanned. This growth often provides new types of jobs, sometimes provides people with new opportunities to become managers and professionals, and sometimes brings rich returns to those who can dominate others’ work and occupy their surplus labor value, which often makes workers tolerate the slow growth of wages. As a result, a new system has emerged and the old system has been transformed, and perhaps the most obvious result is that schools have become places to train children and teenagers into labor. In these changes, new types of inequality, new forms of class differentiation, new contradictions and struggles, and new goals of desire and ambition have emerged. We only consider three examples of different types of desire subjects. First, workers in the 19th and 20th centuries were generally employed in mills and factories. These workers are realistic. They mainly want to improve their lives and those of their families. They never want to leave the working class. Secondly, the contemporaries who pursued social and economic success (regardless of social background) had skills, imagination and luck, and wanted to go up through the class system to achieve the success recognized locally at that time. Finally, there are contemporary people with money aspirations. They started from some resources and pursued unlimited wealth. The past and present are not satisfied with this statement.

The first kind of stories are about working-class individuals and families, both of which are the political backbone of the trade union movement throughout its history. Such stories often illustrate the necessity of taking collective action. The second kind of stories provide material for novelists and some sociologists, from which we can study the career structure of the bourgeoisie and see the changes of people at all levels of management, such as engineers or lawyers or newcomers in accounting becoming big coffee in this industry. The third kind of stories are sometimes fables of the rich, but they often record cases of habit addiction, which is an addiction to money. These stories all tell the experiences of some individuals, families and groups. Their life motivation comes not only from ambition and hope, but also from fear of frustration and failure, fear of long-term unemployment and poverty, fear of being unable to get rid of the painful work pressure and fear of debt burden.

With these hopes and fears in the macro sense, individuals have formed the forms of love and hate, harmony and hostility, which make their specific desires, tastes, emotions and habits diverse, such as eating this and not eating that, spending time with these people instead of those people, doing things in this way instead of that way, and being willing to stay here instead of there. Only three types of life are mentioned above, but other types of life are also obviously subject to the hopes and fears brought by capitalism and technological modernity. If all these are carefully studied, we need to describe people’s living situations in large quantities, explain how the subject makes choices in specific situations at each stage of his life, and how to weigh the various objects of desire, that is, regard the satisfaction of some desires only as a means to satisfy others, think that some desires have a high priority compared with others, and may painfully or happily re-examine some of his past choices. If these subjects can reflect on how to best balance their desires and lives, what intellectual, moral and social resources do they have?

In fact, they always lack some urgently needed resources, partly because their thought patterns reflect the characteristics of their living situation and partly because of the constraints of their living situation. Let’s talk about the latter first. The common point of their living situation is that they have changed in different degrees due to the influence of capital flow. At first, capital flow may be creative and productive, or destructive, or both. When capital flow can promote the development and application of new technologies, its role is obviously creative and productive, which will lead to new forms of work, such as iron and steel smelting industry in 18th century, German chemical industry in 19th century, or American information technology industry in 20th century. Capital flow is also very destructive. For example, people in a very mature and stable production mode find that their products have no market, so they suddenly and unexpectedly lose their jobs, have no source of life, and sometimes cut off the way out of their whole lives. However, no matter what people’s living conditions are, the key problem of individuals and their families’ desires lies in the relationship between the salary income they earn and the prices of goods and services they pay. People can’t just think about "what I or we want" or "what I or we should get", but what I or we can afford.

When answering the latter question, people need to constantly evaluate the object of their desire and compare its market value, because the market will change according to the demand. But demand is to satisfy any desire that may exist, and it is the need of self-recognition when people happen to have enough money in their pockets at a certain time and place, whether these needs are real needs or not, and whether these desires are the desires that the subject should satisfy. Economic growth requires people who are engaged in productive work to become consumers. In this way, people who provide goods and services to these consumers shape consumers’ tastes, make their products the object of consumers’ desires, and make consumers feel that anything the economy requires them to consume is their own needs. Therefore, these producers and consumers must be able to distinguish between what is of real value to their lives and prosperity and what is the value induced by the market. However, the market society makes it difficult for working-class and middle-class people to think and negotiate together, which is necessary for them to make the above distinction in their daily decision-making. Why do you see it?

To answer this question, we first need to study the conflicts that have occurred in a long and tangled history, in which there are many obstacles, but as a result, they have promoted economic growth or provided the market with necessities of life. From the protection of traditional rights in the British enclosure movement in the 17th and 18th centuries, to the hand-loom workers’ opposition to the use of mechanized looms to maintain their survival, to the radical trade unions’ actions to demand higher wages and better working conditions, and to the protests of urban community organizations and organizers in Chicago and Boston in the 20th century. Many things in this history should have left a deep impression on us. One of them is that people trapped in this kind of conflict can easily express clearly what they oppose rather than support, and can find all kinds of unjust things sharply and accurately, but they can’t clearly explain the influence and function of these unjust things on the correct understanding of the concept of justice. Therefore, in the face of this constructive and destructive change of modernity, ordinary people trapped in this conflict can rarely think and find an appropriate alternative concept about the direction that social and economic changes should take for themselves, so that they can more fully evaluate the ideas that various political movements have firmly believed since the 18th century.

The problem here is that modernity is used to expressing itself in its own terms, which makes it extremely difficult for people to think about modernity without these terms, so they never leave these terms, and these terms exclude the most needed concepts in radical criticism, making them useless. Therefore, we need to explain the distinctive institutionalized activity patterns and thinking habits in those activity patterns, which enables us to answer two different questions, one is about the specific form and deformation of desire in the context of modernity, and the other is about the way of thinking about our activities and life, which is quite different from modernity, but it is an indispensable element to understand modernity. But before trying to make this explanation, I’d like to make a cautious remark, especially for readers who resent my negative views on modernity.

As far as it has experienced a series of social and political freedom and liberation movements against autocracy and oppression, the history of modernity is indeed a real and admirable history of progress in some key aspects. As far as its great artistic and scientific achievements are concerned-from Raphael to Roscoe, or from Palestrina to Schoenberg, and from Copernicus and Galileo to Feynman and Higgs-the history of modernity is indeed a real and admirable history of progress. What I have said here and elsewhere is not meant to slander. However, this same modernity constantly produces new forms of oppressive inequality, new types of material poverty and spiritual poverty, new setbacks and new misleading of desire. There are many very different stories about modernity, all of which are true, but they all need a unique political and economic framework as the premise.

Ethics in the Conflict of Modernity: On Desire, Practical Reasoning and Narration (Watchman)

Author: Alasdair gentile.

Publication date: May 31, 2021

Press: Renmin University of China Press

Original title: "Mai gentile: We must distinguish what is of real value to our life and prosperity"

Read the original text