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New Year’s Eve： a reunion dinner, a reunion year.

　　When it comes to New Year’s Eve, what comes to mind? Have a delicious jiaozi, eat the warmth of the New Year’s Eve, or stick Spring Festival couplets and window grilles?

　　"In the sound of firecrackers, the old year is over, and the wintersweet smiles in the spring." In fact, its connotation is far from being as simple as a New Year’s Eve dinner. In the folk, "Chinese New Year" is a time period. From the early years and even the Laba Festival, people prepare new year’s goods, clean houses … and are busy welcoming the New Year. New Year’s Eve is the first "highlight".

　　Data Map: On the Lunar New Year’s Eve, the entrance of ditan park in Beijing was decorated with large door gods and red lanterns. China News Service reporter Hou Yushe

　　The Legend and Origin of New Year’s Eve

　　New Year’s Eve is also called New Year’s Eve, New Year’s Eve, Big Dark Day and so on. In most cases, there are thirty days in December of the lunar calendar, so it is also called New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Eve. When there is a small moon in December, the New Year’s Eve will become the 29th, and some areas will be renamed Erjiu.

　　Many people have done textual research on the meaning of the name New Year’s Eve. Literally, the original meaning of the word "except" is "go", which is extended to "easy", that is, alternating; The original meaning of the word "evening" is "sunset" and extended to "night", which vividly illustrates the alternation of the old year and the new year.

　　It is said that there was a monster named "Xi" in ancient China, which was particularly fierce and often hurt human beings. Until one day, a child named Nian told everyone the way to get rid of the evening beast: it was afraid of red, fire and explosion.

　　According to the method taught by the children, everyone really drove away the evening beast. To celebrate, people put on new clothes and hats one after another and went to their relatives and friends’ homes to congratulate them. The day when Xi was driven away in 2008 was called "New Year’s Eve".

　　However, according to "Lu Chunqiu Ji Dong Ji", the ancients used drums to drive out "the ghost of plague" on the day before the New Year. This is another way of saying the origin of "New Year’s Eve".

　　Data Map: The picture shows people choosing Spring Festival couplets. Photo by Lu Ming

　　Stick grilles, Spring Festival couplets … The taste of the year is also in it.

　　In the early morning of New Year’s Eve, many families will get up early and put up Spring Festival couplets at the gate. Spring Festival couplets are also called spring stickers, peach symbols, etc. The characters are neat and dual, and they simply express their expectations for the New Year.

　　It is said that the custom of posting Spring Festival couplets in the New Year originated in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Spring Festival couplets became both exquisite and artistic. Liang Zhangju’s monograph "Poems on Spring Festival couplets" discussed the origin of couplets and the characteristics of various works.

　　There are many kinds of Spring Festival couplets, which can be divided into frame pairs, spring strips and bucket squares according to the places of use. The "frame pair" is attached to the left and right door frames, and the "spring strips" are attached to corresponding places according to different contents, and so on.

　　In the folk, people also like to stick various paper-cuts on the windows, that is, window grilles. At the same time, the word "Fu" is pasted on the door, wall and lintel. Sometimes, the word "blessing" will be pasted upside down, indicating that "the blessing has fallen (arrived)"

　　In addition, the word "Fu" can also be finely carved into various patterns, such as longevity, longevity peach, carp jumping over the dragon gate, abundant grains, dragons and phoenixes, and so on.

　　A New Year’s Eve dinner, a reunion year.

　　New Year’s Eve is extremely important for China people. In addition to welcoming the old and welcoming the new, it is one of the customs at this time to have a reunion dinner and keep the old.

　　Liang Shiqiu also said in the article that the Chinese New Year needs to be in his hometown to have a taste. "It’s bleak to travel, and there is only a sigh in the next year. How can there be a little joy?"

　　Data Map: jiaozi. Photo by Wang Yuyang

　　In the past, some dishes for New Year’s Eve were prepared a few days before the Chinese New Year. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of New Year’s Eve is also wrapped up at 30 nights, and the sounds of chopping vegetables and meat are woven together with laughter to form a cheerful movement on New Year’s Eve.

　　On New Year’s Eve, a table was filled with rich New Year’s dishes, and the whole family sat together to have a reunion dinner, enjoying both delicious food and a happy atmosphere for the New Year.

　　Generally speaking, there will be hot pot on the dining table, which symbolizes the prosperous days; In some places, you must eat fish. "Fish" and "Yu" are homophonic, symbolizing that "Jiqing has more than enough", and also pinning the good wish of "having more than every year".

　　There are these taboos in the old days, and I look forward to a smooth new year.

　　In order to express the meaning of getting rid of the old and welcoming the new, there were many taboos on New Year’s Eve in the past. For example, don’t say unlucky words such as ghost, death and murder, don’t break dishes, don’t speak ill words, and don’t spill sewage.

　　Data Map: Citizens in Huludao, Liaoning Province enjoy a sumptuous New Year’s Eve dinner with their families at home. China News Agency issued by Haiyang Photo

　　Especially at the New Year’s Eve, if some tea fruits are finished, you should say "I’m happy" or "too much" instead of saying "no" … These auspicious words are the "homework" that people must do, and adults should teach their children to say them, otherwise the New Year will not be smooth.

　　Before the New Year’s Eve dinner, many families will prepare offerings to worship their ancestors. After Zuling is invited, no one can occupy the seats on both sides of the altar; Of course, we must not make noise or swear, otherwise we will disrespect our ancestors.

　　Nowadays, with the passage of time, many taboos on New Year’s Eve have been broken, and the old customs are developing in a more scientific and healthy direction. But the only thing that remains unchanged is people’s attachment to their families: it is also the most rare happiness for the whole family to spend the whole year together. (Reporter Shangguan Yun)

Promote the further expansion of automobile consumption

Analects of Finance and Economics

Author: Wang Qing (Deputy Director and Researcher, Institute of Market Economy, the State Council Development Research Center)

Automobile is a large-scale and relatively high commodity in China’s consumption market, and it is also an important field for the continuous upgrading of residents’ consumption structure. To effectively expand and better release automobile consumption, we should grasp the new changes, trends and requirements in the automobile market, and speed up filling shortcomings, unblocking points and optimizing the environment.

At present, China’s automobile consumption has obviously accelerated, and there are many bright spots in market growth, which is the "highlight" of national and local consumption promotion. Driven by a number of policies, the automobile market has obviously warmed up. From January to October this year, a total of 23.97 million vehicles were sold, up 9% year-on-year, and the growth rate increased by 4.5 percentage points over the same period; The total retail sales of automobile products was 3.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 11.3% of the total retail sales.

At the same time, the upgrading trend of automobile consumption structure is obvious. Statistics show that the proportion of sales of models below 100,000 yuan continues to decrease, and the proportion of middle and high-priced models above 100,000 yuan continues to rise, especially luxury brand models above 300,000 yuan continue to sell well, with a year-on-year growth rate of over 30%. The consumption heat of new energy vehicles continues to climb. From January to October, a total of 7.28 million new energy vehicles were sold, up 37.8% year-on-year, accounting for more than 60% of the global sales in the same period. In October, the sales volume approached the million-vehicle mark, and China became the world’s largest new energy vehicle consumption market for eight consecutive years. Automobile exports continue to maintain a high growth trend. In the first 10 months of this year, China exported a total of 3.92 million vehicles, up 60% year-on-year, including about 1 million new energy vehicles, which doubled last year and is expected to become the world’s largest automobile exporter this year.

From the general law of automobile consumption in developed countries, there is generally an "S"-shaped change between the car ownership per thousand people and the per capita GDP, and there are three stages: introduction period, popularization period and maturity period. In the popularization period, it will experience two stages of high-speed and medium-speed growth, and the dividing point is about 100 cars per thousand people. After crossing the 100-vehicle mark in 2014, China’s automobile ownership has gradually turned to medium-speed growth, and has exceeded 200 vehicles in 2021. After turning to the medium-speed growth stage, the market increasingly presents two prominent characteristics: first, the potential growth rate of automobile demand, that is, the growth rate that potential demand can actually support, gradually falls back; Second, the main driving force to promote the growth of automobile consumption has shifted from the demand for first-time car purchase to the demand for upgrading. It is estimated that by 2030, China’s automobile market will still maintain a growth rate of about 3%, and in the past two or three years, it will be roughly at the level of 4%~5%, and automobile consumption still has great growth potential.

From the structural point of view, the structural change of automobile demand has begun to strengthen the supporting role of sales. The first is the replacement and update demand brought by consumption upgrading. At present, nearly 100 million private cars in China have reached or exceeded 6 years old, and they have entered a large-scale renewal cycle. Updating 1% every year can drive considerable sales. In 2022, about 60% of China’s automobile sales will be purchased or replaced. The second is the demand for new energy vehicles led by technological progress. The market share of new energy vehicles is 20% to 50%, which is the fastest growing stage. It is predicted that by 2025, the market share of new energy vehicles in China will reach 50% and the annual sales scale will reach 15 million. Third, the demand for cascade expansion supported by the rural market. From 2018 to 2022, the average number of family cars per 100 households in rural areas increased from 22.3 to 32.4, with an average annual growth rate of 12%, twice the growth rate of towns in the same period, and it is in the fastest stage of increasing the number of cars per 1,000 people. The fourth is the related consumption demand of automobile aftermarket expansion. The personalized and fashionable consumption of young consumers is rising day by day, and the demand for car modification and beauty is very strong, with great growth potential.

To effectively expand and better release automobile consumption, we must conform to the new characteristics and general trends of automobile consumption and market, speed up the filling of consumption shortcomings, unblock policy blockages, and optimize the market environment.

Actively promote the upgrading of old models. Combined with local policy experience, promote the adjustment and upgrading of automobile stock and stimulate incremental consumption. Appropriately increase the replacement subsidy and increase the reward for upgrading fuel vehicles to new energy vehicles. Promote the abolition of unreasonable restrictions on second-hand car transactions, further facilitate second-hand car transactions in different places, and promote the standardized and large-scale development of the second-hand car industry.

Continue to expand the consumption of new energy vehicles. Accelerate the planning and construction of charging facilities, and accelerate the charging facilities to enter communities, highways, scenic spots and public parking lots (parking spaces), effectively alleviating mileage anxiety and charging anxiety. Accelerate the research and development of related technologies and further reduce the cost of car purchase and car use.

Accelerate the activation of rural automobile consumption market. Improve rural roads, gas stations, charging stations and other infrastructure conditions, guide the sinking of automobile distribution and service networks, and realize the synergy of automobiles and services to the countryside. Promote the precise management of pickup trucks, and clarify regulations such as annual inspection, scrapping and high-speed charging.

Orderly release the market consumption demand after the automobile. Promote the standardized, transparent and efficient development of automobile parts circulation, promote the upgrading of automobile maintenance services, and accelerate the construction of new energy vehicle maintenance technical standard system. Build a multi-level automobile race pattern, orderly release consumer demand such as automobile beauty, and activate the aftermarket consumption potential of automobiles.

Focus on optimizing the automobile consumption policy and environment. Optimize the tax rate of automobile purchase tax and consumption tax, and effectively promote automobile echelon consumption. Strengthen the construction of urban smart transportation and create a good car environment. Strengthen comprehensive financial support for automobile consumption services.

Guangming Daily (15th edition, November 23rd, 2023)

Source: Guangming Net-Guangming Daily